THE BRIDGE

THE CREATION AND EVOLUTION OF CRIMINAL LAW IN COLONIAL AND POST-COLONIAL SOCIETIES LESLIE SEBBA p 1The original focus of this research was the creation and evolution of criminal law in post-colonial societies - with special emphasis on Israel. However, one of the most striking (and seemingly surprising) features of the development of law in these societies is the fact that in many cases they have substantially retained the criminal codes enacted by the colonial power. Thus, rather than limiting the focus to the non-creation (or retention) of criminal law in these societies, it seemed appropriate to broaden the topic so as to include the creation of the laws generally prevailing today - by extending the analysis to the colonial phase of development. In the result, this historical phase became the focus of the study. 2 Tomasic (1980, p. 19). 3 See, however, the useful integrative surveys conducted by Tomasic (1980) and Hagan (1980), as well (...) 4 A notable exception is the pioneer

–CommonwealthTelecommunication Organisation; 5717.CWG–Computer Warehouse Group; 2518.DRC-Democratic Republic of Congo; 28, 4519.ECOMOG–ECOWAS Monitoring Group; 2, 5, 10, 36, 37, 40, 43, 44, 54,55, 63, 65.20.ECOWAS–Economic Community ofWest African States; 2, 5,6,8,9, 16,17, 36-38, 40-44, 52-54, 61.21.EU –European Union; 25, 2722.FCT –Federal Capital Territory; 5, 5023.FEC –Federal Executive Council; 56, 5724.IBB –Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida; 16, 17, 2525.ICJ -International Court of Justice; 38, 5526.IAPTC-International Association for Peacekeeping Training Centres;6427.ICT –Information and Communications Technologies (ICT); 5728.ICTJ -InternationalCentrefor Transitional Justice; 6429.IGSR -Institute for Governance and Social Research; 3330.ISS -Institute for Security Studies; 6531.JDA -Joint Development Authority; 5932.MDC-Movement for Democratic Change; 4233.MFA–Ministry of Foreign Affairs; 5, 8-10, 6134.MINORSO -United Nations Mission for theReferendum in WesternSahara; 4935.MOU/MoU-

Olowojolu OlakunleDepartment of Political Science and International Relations, Landmark University, Omu Aran, NigeriaEmail: kunleolowojolu@yahoo.co.ukABSTRACTThe emergence of former military ruler, Major General Muhammudu Buahri (retd) as Nigeria’s elected president in May 2015 was well received by majority of Nigerians and the International community. Prior to Buhari’s rise to power, Nigeria had been confronted with myriads of domestic and international problems that needed prompt attention. This paper shall assess the performance of President Buhari in the area of conducting Nigeria’s external relations.Keywords: Foreign Policy, Realism, Buhari.INTRODUCTIONThe 2015 general election in Nigeria brought about a new dimension into Nigerian politics. It was the first time in Nigeria’s history that an opposition party would defeat the ruling party at the polls. Co-incidentally, former head of state, Gen Muhammudu Buhari (retd) became the se